Abundant snow and rainfall has occurred since the end of 2007. Much of the precipitation fell at the right times and in the right areas. In short, plenty of water, ground cover and food made for good reproduction. The outlook for small game hunting statewide looks very good.

• Quail: Although Gambel’s quail populations were low last year, the amount of rain this spring and summer will increase their populations and should offer some fair to very good hunting depending on where you hunt. Scaled quail populations overall should be fair. Rainfall in southeastern Arizona was not as abundant as the central portions of the state. However, there are reports that some areas have favorable populations of scalies. Mearns’ quail season doesn’t open until Nov. 28. Last year proved to be a great year and this year should prove to be just as good for these high country birds.

• Rabbit: Every hunter should be able to put a rabbit in their bag this year as populations are good to excellent throughout the state. Although the season is all year long, many consider opening day the same as quail season. Hunting washes, edge cover and glassing from ridges can be very productive. Bag limits are liberal and the meat is excellent.

• Squirrel: Mark this as the year to be excited about squirrels. The season runs until the end of December now. If you’re finding young birds when quail hunting opening weekend, mark your spot for later and head north for some exciting tree squirrel hunting action. Adults are reminded that this hunt isn’t just for the kids. Try taking one with a .22 handgun for a challenging shot. Hunters should enjoy hunting conditions that rate from fair to good, and some spots will be excellent.

• Waterfowl: The waterfowl season is liberal, opening in the mountain zone the same day (Oct. 3) and running until the end of January 2009. However, canvasback ducks are not allowed for harvest due to declining numbers, and there is a shorter / restricted season for scaup ducks (see regulations for all season dates [link: http://www.azgfd.gov/pdfs/h_f/regulations/07-08/Waterfowl.pdf]). Depending on the timing of the migration, Arizona has plenty of water to hold waterfowl during the season and this year has the potential to be a very good duck season.

While all this news is exciting, the best thing about small game season is – no draw. Hunters can pick up a general hunting license, buy some shotgun shells and hit the road. By the way, don’t forget kids 13 and under can hunt for free with no license (two max) when accompanied by a licensed adult 18 and older. And for hunters ages 14-20, the youth combination hunting and fishing license is only $26.50.
For complete details on the small game outlook, and where to hunt visit the Arizona Game and Fish Department’s Small Game, Big Fun Web page at www.azgfd.gov/h_f/small_game.shtml.

White-winged dove on saguaro cactus. Photo Rory Aikens

Did you know that increased gasohol demand and the bountiful dove hunting opportunities in central Arizona this year for the Sept. 1-15 early season have something in common?

They do.

According to an article published by the Arizona Farm Bureau written by George Frisvold, a professor of agriculture at the University of Arizona, for the first time since 1976 the number of acres planted in wheat in Arizona exceeds the number of acres planted in cotton. Cotton has little value for doves and other wildlife. Wheat fields provide high-value wildlife real estate.

Arizona Game and Fish Department biologists said that these changing agricultural practices bode well for dove populations, and many other wildlife species as well. But grain crops aren’t the only factors for what biologists believe should be a good dove year.

“Superb winter and spring rains, coupled with decent summer rains, have also created favorable dove habitats in central Arizona,” said Migratory Bird Specialist Mike Rabe.

Once again this year, dove hunters can expect the birds, especially white-winged doves, to be concentrated in agricultural areas, just like in the past. But also this year, expect to find mourning doves dispersed into the desert as well.

“Right now, there are plentiful seed crops in the desert areas and abundant water sources. This creates plenty of opportunities for dispersed hunting, rather than hunting the more congested areas,” Rabe said.

Rabe also said scouting takes on added importance this year. “You’ll want to get out and identify those fields with grain that are attracting doves. Plus, increased urban encroachment means the fields you hunted last year might be within a quarter-mile of occupied structures – especially new subdivisions – this year.”

Scout first.

The early dove season from Sept. 1-15 this year is once again half-day hunting for adults in the southern zone (all day for adults in the northern zone), but youth can hunt all day in either zone.

The Game and Fish Department is once again offering a juniors-only dove hunt at the Robbins Butte Wildlife Area on Sept. 6-7 (the first weekend of the dove hunt). The Chandler Rod and Gun Club will also be providing young dove hunters and their mentors a scrumptious pancake and sausage breakfast following the morning hunt.

One young girl who outshot her older brothers during one of the past youth dove hunts had commented, “It was more fun than Disneyland!”

For more information on the Robbins Butte juniors dove hunt, contact Phil Smith at (602) 290-2237.

All hunters should keep in mind that Arizona is experiencing a cottontail rabbit bonanza this year. “A passel of dove breasts can feed a family, but add in some cottontails and you can create a feast for your favorite neighbors as well,” Rabe said.

The late season dove hunt is Nov. 21, 2008 through Jan. 4, 2009. “White-winged doves will have migrated south long before the late season, but especially this year, there are plenty of mourning doves. In fact, each year the late dove season seems to increase in popularity as more and more hunters experience the terrific wing-shooting opportunities in the mild early winter weather,” Rabe said.

Hunters should obtain a copy of the 2008-09 Arizona Dove Regulations prior to going afield. A general hunting license is required for youth 14 years and older, and a migratory bird stamp is required for all hunters 16 years and older. Kids 13 and younger can hunt without a license when accompanied by a properly licensed person 18 years or older.

Regulations are available at more than 300 license dealers statewide or can be downloaded from the department’s Web site at www.azgfd.gov/hunt.

Story and photos by Rory Aikens, public information officer, AGFD

By Brian Wakeling, big game management supervisor,
Arizona Game and Fish Department

Brian and son, Seth, after successful spring turkey hunt.

The spring turkey season is just around the corner, and many spring turkey hunters are watching the calendar with eager anticipation. Because calling turkeys with simulated hen vocalizations is the most effective strategy in the spring, many hunters are already annoying friends and families by practicing their imitations on mouth, box, and slate calls.

Spring turkey hunting can be challenging in the best of years. Weather and access can be two of those challenges. Every year it seems as though the weatherman first checks the spring season dates before he forecasts high winds. And if he can’t find the opening date, he simply piles up deep snow earlier in the winter so that getting to your favorite spot is impossible.

Deep snow and limited access can work in your favor if you are willing to hike a bit. Gobblers are often located near the receding snow line in pursuit of hens after a winter like the one we just experienced, and walking a ways can often put you within earshot of a gobbling tom. Should you harvest a bird “way back in there,” they are not nearly as difficult to pack out as an elk. This extra effort can also get you into an area where there are few hunters with which to compete.

If windy conditions prevail, those same gobblers have greater difficulty in hearing your calls, and you may have difficulty in hearing his as well. Be patient and persistent. Once you find fresh sign (droppings or tracks), you may have a turkey come to your calls that didn’t call or that you didn’t hear. Just last spring, I was able to watch a gobbler walk for at least 400 yards in response to my calls. He never made a sound, but he strutted almost the entire distance. The junior hunter at my side was able to harvest this bird because we did not move a muscle until he was well within range.

A turkey’s best defense is his eyesight.

So practice your calls or find an electronic call that works for you. Decoys can be effective at distracting his attention by giving the gobbler something on which to focus. Gobblers are used to hens coming to him, not having to go to the hen. They can be incredibly hard to convince at times. Should you find yourself at the end of the hunt with an unfilled tag in your pocket, you may receive solace if you recognize many other hunters are in the same boat with you. Successfully harvesting a bird often results from a great deal of hard work, practice, patience, and a generous sprinkling of good luck.

But a successful hunt is usually the result of just being out there, even if you don’t tag a bird. Enjoy the season. And if you didn’t get drawn, find someone that can use the help and lend a hand in camp or calling. Spring is a great time to be in the turkey woods!

Brian Wakeling has worked for the department for many years. He loves turkeys and turkey hunting. Brian has been instrumental in the reintroduction of the Gould’s turkey and feels that reintroduction will be one of the most important milestones of his career. Brian also enjoys hunting with his two sons.

By Brian Wakeling, big game management supervisor, Arizona Game and Fish Department

As the general javelina season draws near, those of you lucky enough to obtain a spring tag may be planning the best approach to your hunt as you read this.

Javelina hunting is one of those activities that can be difficult if you are unfamiliar with your hunting area and the fates don’t smile on you. Javelina spend their entire year in a relatively small area that meets their lifestyle needs, but they can be difficult to spot and often change their habits in response to the frequently unpredictable weather and habitat changes that can occur during the January and February hunting seasons.

This winter has seen pretty good rainfall throughout much of Arizona’s javelina range. Statewide, our javelina herds remained fairly stable from last year, so don’t expect any large changes in herd abundance. Javelina will forage along sunny hillsides during cool mornings to take advantage of the early morning warmth. They often spend evenings bedded in mesquite thickets or rocky caves to conserve warmth and may be glassed up with binoculars in the mornings as they move from bedding ground to prickly-pear-studded feeding areas. If you are walking along washes, you may jump a herd out of the drainage – which can result in challenging shots and frustrating results. If you can spot them before they spot you, you are way ahead of the game.

Because of the rainfall this winter, there is quite a bit of green growth in many areas. This can be good and bad for a javelina hunter. Javelina are easier to see on a green hillside, but because they seek out fresh green growth for foraging, they are not limited to any small patches of green forage. In many areas, tall grass from late summer growth can hide these short game animals. Inclement weather generally encourages javelina to seek shelter, making them harder to find. Although their eyesight is not the best in the world, they have great noses. So keep your face to the wind when hunting.

A predator call can attract javelina if they have been separated, because the call sounds like a distressed young javelina. A predator call can also kick a herd of javelina into high gear and may result in a herd that could have been stalked leaving the area entirely. Blowing a call is not a guarantee, so use it sparingly and not as your first plan of attack.

Spring javelina hunts occur during a beautiful time of year to experience the desert habitats of Arizona. Take the time to enjoy your hunt!

By Brian Wakeling, big game program supervisor, Arizona Game and Fish Department

Getting ready to head out for your fall deer or elk hunt? Here are our regional forecasts for these species.

Deer
From a statewide perspective, white-tailed deer fawn recruitment remained similar to last year’s level, whereas mule deer fawn recruitment dropped a little. Both remained within the range in which deer populations tend to remain stable, and deer hunting opportunities should be similar to last year. Summer precipitation, although not tremendous, did provide good green up throughout much of the state in late summer, and healthy deer herds and antler growth should be found statewide. Buck-to-doe ratios have been increasing for both mule and white-tailed deer over the past two years, so more bucks may be available. Don’t expect to be overrun with deer, but experiences should be similar to the last two years.

Regions I through IV are known mainly for mule deer and provide good hunting opportunities for this species. Even with recent improvement, Region IV mule deer tend to be in low-density herds, so plan to wear out the seat of your pants while using binoculars rather than wearing out boots while walking to be successful. This can be an important strategy regardless of where you hunt, but is more difficult in forested habitat. Don’t be afraid to use those boots to get you off the beaten track, but rely on optics once you get there. Mule deer numbers in Regions V and VI are also stable to slightly increasing.

Regions V and VI have the most popular white-tailed deer units, and glassing is essential for finding these elusive ghosts. Sustained fawn recruitment from last year should translate into more young bucks this year. Look closely: Many “skin heads” turn out to be young bucks on further scrutiny. Regions I and II have lesser-known but excellent white-tailed deer hunts. Areas recovering from recent fires can be productive, especially near steep terrain and canyons that white-tails seem to favor.

Regardless of where you were drawn this year, know the boundaries of your unit. Check your tag to be certain of the area for which you were drawn. Every year a few hunters mistakenly assume they were drawn for their first choice when they were actually drawn for an alternate unit, but don’t find out otherwise until they get to camp, or, worse yet, until a wildlife manager checks their harvested deer. It can be an expensive mistake. And don’t forget to sign your tag.

Elk
Although fall survey data is preliminary, many areas are reporting good calf numbers and favorable bull-to-cow ratios. Elk habitat that suffered from fires two to five years ago is producing good herbaceous vegetation as a result of summer rains. In addition to recruitment, favorable forage conditions are also good for antler development. There have already been many reports of 400+ bulls harvested during the 2007 archery hunts, and several impressive photographs are circulating through e-mail.

People with antlerless tags often have bigger challenges during hunts than do bull hunters. It always seems that just before the season, you cannot walk through the woods without stumbling over cow elk and their young, but shortly after the season begins, they disappear like water vapor. I’ve told many a hunter that it is only sporting for the Department to inform the elk of season dates, and they seem to take notice. In my experience, it can be productive during antlerless hunts to work small openings in the forest during midday, especially in later seasons, as elk seem to adjust to hunters’ typical patterns of being out early or late in the day and sleeping at midday.

Regions I (Pinetop) and II (Flagstaff)
Wildfires did not play a large role this year. Older burned areas are going to be attractive to elk. Elk often respond to early accumulations of snowfall by moving to lower elevations, but a single snowfall event will not immediately drive all elk out of an area. Rainfall and snow can cause unfavorable road conditions. Always try to minimize the impact you have on primitive roads.

Region III (Kingman)
Elk populations have been productive and wide-ranging. Much of the elk habitats are large landscapes with interspersed pinyon-juniper woodland. These animals can be highly mobile and may seem to vaporize once hunts begin. Being in the field early and late can be important, but don’t forget midday, especially later in the hunt. This strategy can be critical regardless of your unit and region.

Region V (Tucson) and Region VI (Mesa)
Although Region V has elk hunts in Units 28 and 31, these areas are managed for elk at low densities. These can be tough hunts in nontraditional areas. You may need more than your share of good luck to be successful. Region VI elk populations are doing well. Units 22 and 23 continue to be good producers of quality animals.

Virtually any unit in Arizona has the potential to produce a record-book bull. To make the most of your opportunity, be certain that your rifle is shooting accurately before you get to the field. Judging distances can be more challenging with elk hunting than with virtually any other hunt. Distances in forested habitat just seem closer than they really are; you expect long distances with pronghorn or deer hunting, but mistakes that change the outcome of a hunt are easy to make when pursuing elk.

Quail

Early reports appear to confirm the department’s forecast that hunters should not expect a repeat of last year’s terrific season for Gambel’s quail, although those who do their homework and try new areas can find pockets of good-to-excellent hunting. Record-dry conditions statewide negatively impacted Gambel’s quail production, although some broods were brought off in localized areas. Renesting attempts and late broods occurred in some areas in response to better summer conditions. Carryover in many areas appears to be decent, so locations that supported a lot of birds last year likely will have a number of birds this year, but hunting will be a bit “sporty.” Reports indicate there aren’t many juveniles in these populations. Expect these coveys of older-aged birds to flush wild and challenge your endurance.

Hunting scaled quail will likely be mediocre at best, although this species can delay reproduction to coincide with the summer monsoon. Even so, hunters shouldn’t expect a repeat of last year, and nothing in the early reports has indicated otherwise. Again, those who scout will be most successful.

The season for Mearns’ quail will likely be decent in response to carryover and this summer’s monsoon. Recent surveying showed good numbers of coveys and birds in each covey. Look at the rainfall patterns, and scout the area for cover conditions to increase your chance for success. Remember, Mearns’ quail are a bird of grassland savannahs and require good grass cover interspersed with oaks or pines to survive. Some of the rougher habitats in Mearns’ country can provide the hunter with less company and good shooting.

Region I (Pinetop)

Quail hunting is rarely good here, except in the south end of Game Management Unit 27. Both Gambel’s and Mearns’ quail can be found in appropriate habitats. Since much of the region is unsuitable as quail habitat, finding huntable numbers can be a challenge. Mearns’ quail are found throughout the unit, but suitable habitats are widely scattered. A few scaled quail can be found, primarily in association with the Little Colorado River drainage. If you choose to pursue these birds, plan on spending more time chasing cottontails, since quail numbers are relatively low.

Region II (Flagstaff)

Quail hunting is limited due to lack of suitable habitat. Field personnel expect some fair Gambel’s quail hunting in the southern portion of Game Management Unit 6B and better hunting on the western end of the Arizona Strip in Unit 13B.

Region III (Kingman)

Region III will have some of the better quail hunting opportunities this year. Gambel’s hunting should be fair to good, with pockets being excellent. Post-season carryover was very good, and the hatch was better in this portion of the state than in most areas. Hunters can continue to expect some decent hunting, particularly from I-40 south toward Wickenburg. The eastern portions of this region likely will produce only fair Gambel’s hunting. Much of the region can be challenging for hunters and dogs, so be prepared for some demanding hunts.

Region IV (Yuma)

Region IV expects a decent year for Gambel’s quail, particularly along the larger riparian and agricultural areas. Don’t expect to find a lot of birds in the drier portions of the region.

Region V (Tucson)

Gambel’s quail call count data from this spring suggested that little, if any, reproduction occurred in much of Region V this year. In addition, Gambel’s numbers were lower in southeastern Arizona last year, so hunters can expect to find poor or mediocre Gambel’s quail hunting this season. Scaled quail hunting is also likely to be poor, with a few pockets of fair hunting. The bright spot will be Mearns’ quail, whose numbers were positively influenced by monsoon moisture and decent carryover. Quail abundance will correlate well with areas that received adequate precipitation and have good cover.

Region VI (Mesa)

Unlike last year, the best that central Arizona should offer this year is poor-to-fair Gambel’s quail hunting. Hunting will be decent in some areas, but covey composition will be skewed toward older-aged birds, increasing the challenge. As always, hunters should pre-scout, since significant areas had poor reproduction. Areas with good bird numbers last year will continue to produce opportunity. Expect to do more walking this year.

Cottontail

Once again, cottontail hunting should be very good throughout much of the state. Winter carryover and good summer rains allowed populations to maintain their upward trend. Hunters who choose not to hunt cottontails are doing themselves a disservice, since the meat is light, delicate and enjoyable. If you spend any time in washes, rocky foothills or areas of dense brush, you will encounter this species regularly this year. Cottontails offer a great opportunity to introduce a youngster to hunting. They provide a challenging hunt for old and young alike. Still-hunting (i.e., “sneaking”) along desert or mountain washes, ridgelines or in areas of dense brush, armed with a .22-caliber rifle, shotgun or archery equipment, can provide hours of enjoyment, hone your big game hunting skills and yield a great-tasting meal. Rabbit hunting before quail season gives you an opportunity to scout for other species and hunt without much competition. Taking advantage of Arizona’s multi-species opportunities can go a long way toward filling that freezer.

Region I (Pinetop)

Forecasts from all game management units in this region rate cottontail hunting from good to excellent.

Region II (Flagstaff)

Cottontail hunting will vary from fair to excellent. To maximize your chance for success, hunt the lower-elevation portions of units north of the Colorado River. The best hunting south of the Grand Canyon will likely occur in Unit 6B.

Region III (Kingman)

Cottontails have been reported to be abundant and may yield some of the better cottontail hunting in the state this year. Units 10, 16A, 17A, 17B and 19A likely will have some of the best opportunities. Much of the region is suitable habitat for this species, presenting many opportunities.

Region IV (Yuma)

Cottontails are abundant this year. Any of the larger washes, brushy foothills, river margins and agricultural borders should provide ample opportunities for the cottontail hunter.

Region V (Tucson)

Cottontail hunting will be good this year in the lower and middle elevations. Get out early and enjoy some of the best hunting of the year.

Region VI (Mesa)

Central Arizona should offer some good-to-excellent cottontail hunting. Despite dry winter conditions, cottontails carried over well throughout the winter, and this summer’s moisture has produced a bumper crop of young rabbits. Hunters should concentrate their efforts around desert washes and in the rocky foothills.

Deer

Statewide, deer fawn recruitment increased for both white-tailed deer and mule deer for a second year. Yearling bucks (spikes and forkhorns) may be available in many units this year. Do not expect droves of deer, but you should note a moderate improvement in numbers, and possibly in size.

Regions I through IV are known mainly for mule deer and provide good hunting opportunities for this species. Even with recent improvement, Region IV mule deer tend to be in low-density herds, so plan to wear out the seat of your pants using binoculars rather than boots to be successful. This can be an important strategy regardless of where you hunt, but is more difficult in forests. Mule deer numbers in Regions V and VI are also stable to slightly increasing.

Regions V and VI have the most popular white-tailed deer units, and glassing is essential for finding these elusive ghosts. Increases in fawn recruitment from last year should translate into more young bucks this year. Look closely: Many “skin heads” turn out to be young bucks on further scrutiny. Regions I and II have lesser-known but excellent white-tailed deer hunts. Areas recovering from recent fires can be productive, especially near steep terrain and canyons that white-tails seem to favor.

Regardless of where you were drawn this year, know the boundaries of your unit. Check your tag to be certain of the area for which you were drawn. Every year a few hunters assume they were drawn for their first choice when they were actually drawn for an alternate unit, but don’t find out otherwise until they get to camp, or, worse yet, until a wildlife manager checks their harvested deer. It can be an expensive mistake. And don’t forget to sign your tag.

Elk

Although fall survey data is preliminary, many areas are reporting good calf numbers and favorable bull:cow ratios. Elk habitat that suffered from fires two to five years ago is producing good herbaceous vegetation as a result of summer rains. In addition to recruitment, favorable forage conditions are also good for antler development, although the dry winter may have reduced their overall potential. Those with antlerless permits may be in luck. Mountain men in the 1800s were convinced that “fat cow” was far better than “poor bull” for table fare, and younger animals are more tender and generally easier (lighter) to pack out. For those looking for larger antlered bulls, search somewhat off the beaten path (but not necessarily a long way off). Herds that are expanding their range often include more mature bulls. Some of the largest bulls we have seen were at lower elevations in what many consider to be pronghorn habitat.

Regions I and II (Pinetop, Flagstaff)
Wildfires did not play a large role this year. Older burned areas are going to be attractive to elk. Elk often respond to early accumulations of snowfall by moving to lower elevations, but a single snowfall event will not immediately drive all elk out of an area. Rainfall and snow can cause unfavorable road conditions. Always try to minimize the impact you have on primitive roads.

Region III (Kingman)
Elk populations have been productive and wide-ranging. Much of the elk habitats are large landscapes with interspersed pinyon-juniper woodland. These animals can be highly mobile and may seem to vaporize once hunts begin. Being in the field early and late can be important, especially later in the hunt. This strategy can be critical regardless of your unit and region.

Region V (Tucson) and Region VI (Mesa)
Although Region V has elk hunts in Units 28 and 31, these areas are managed for elk at low densities. These can be tough hunts in nontraditional areas. You may need more than your share of good luck to be successful. Region VI elk populations are doing well. Units 22 and 23 continue to be good producers of quality animals.

Virtually any unit in Arizona has the potential to produce a record-book bull. To make the most of your opportunity, be certain that your rifle is shooting accurately before you get to the field. Judging distances can be more challenging with elk hunting than with virtually any other hunt. Distances in forested habitat just seem closer than they really are; you expect long distances with pronghorn or deer hunting, but mistakes that change the outcome of a hunt are easy to make when pursuing elk.

Hunting outlook: dove, archery deer and pronghorn
By Mike Rabe, migratory game bird supervisor, and Brian Wakeling, big game supervisor, Arizona Game and Fish Department

Dove outlook
Overall, expect a good dove opener this year and a normal to above-normal season. Over most of the state, expect the early dove hunt to be good in areas where food is available for doves. Because of relatively poor seed crops resulting from the dry winter in the northern desert, it was thought doves would probably be more concentrated than they were last year. However, the good summer rainfall has resulted in abundant seed crops and more available water sources in the desert, which should provide more dispersed hunting opportunities in central Arizona. Hunters should still expect to see decent concentrations of doves in the agricultural areas. Early scouting to find where the doves are feeding will pay off on opening day. Be careful before returning to traditional areas outside of metro units, because many agricultural areas are being developed and are no longer suitable for dove hunting. There are still lots of good choices, but check first.

Desert roosting or loafing areas such as mesquite or tamarisk thickets, particularly close to water sources, can offer good shooting. White-winged dove reproduction appears to be excellent in the central deserts. Whether this will pay off in the bag will be determined by how many of these birds are still in the state in early September, because their migration to the south is typically underway at that time.

Here are the regional outlooks for dove hunting:

Region III
Good numbers of doves are reported in the Mojave Valley, along the Colorado River, and in the Hualapai Valley north of Kingman. Scout washes near water sources early in the morning and stake out spots where doves fly to water and food from roost sites. Many areas of this region offer excellent hunting opportunities and have little hunting pressure.

Region IV
Dove hunting will be best in agricultural areas planted with small grains, like wheat or safflower. Because of the dry winter this past year, there was little food in the desert for doves, and they will likely concentrate in the agricultural valleys. Areas like Wellton and the Mohawk Valley will yield good hunting in 2006, as well as around Yuma. Hunting should also be good this year around Salome and Aguila.

Region V
Dove populations are about average throughout the region. Large populations of birds have dispersed into the desert during the monsoon season, requiring some preseason scouting to locate them. Once found, these populations should provide good shooting. Remember, hunting is prohibited within the limits of any town or city, and some cities have annexed additional areas. You have the responsibility of ensuring that your favorite area is still open to hunting, so check with the city or town in the area for their current boundaries.

Region VI
Many areas in the east and north valleys are no longer accessible to dove hunting due to housing developments and annexation. The best opportunities exist in the agricultural areas near Stanfield, Maricopa and Casa Grande. West of the Phoenix metro area, near Buckeye down to Gila Bend and along the Gila River, should also provide good opportunity. There are numerous feedlots in these areas, some of which permit dove hunting. Always ask first before hunting on private land, and be sure to keep your hunting area clean (pick up spent shells and any other litter, and clean your birds at home). The Arizona Game and Fish Department’s Robbins Butte Wildlife Area also offers good opportunities to harvest doves with their numerous agricultural fields that are open to public hunting.

Archery deer outlook
Statewide, deer fawn recruitment increased for both white-tailed deer and mule deer for a second year. As with last year, more yearling bucks (spikes and forkhorns) should be available than in the recent past. Don’t expect droves of deer, but you should note a moderate improvement in numbers. Although recent rainfall events have been beneficial for much of the state, last winter was among the driest on record. Antler development will benefit from the recent rains, but early nutrition is important as well. Early nutrition is dependent on winter precipitation patterns. In other words, don’t hold your breath waiting for the big one.

The good monsoonal rainfall we’ve received so far this year will result in dispersed water availability and lots of green-up. The deer will not be as concentrated around isolated pockets of water and will forage if the distribution of water remains favorable for deer. Finding a good place to sit and wait may be difficult, although daily activity patterns are rarely abandoned entirely by deer unless substantially disrupted by some event. Take lots of ice and be prepared to deal with meat and capes in warm weather during early hunts.

Remember that successful archery deer hunters, including Kaibab archery hunters, must contact the Arizona Game and Fish Department in person or by telephone at 1-866-903-3337 within 10 days of taking a deer. Failure to report your harvest may result in a citation.

Here are the regional outlooks for archery deer hunting:

Regions I and II
Water is not likely to be a problem this year, so water hole sitting may be less successful. Spot-and-stalk hunting may prove a good alternative approach. Unit 3C is improving in the aftermath of the Rodeo-Chedeski fire, and deer sightings seem to be increasing in Unit 27. The Kaibab is always popular, but overcrowding complaints are common.

Region III
December archery deer hunts should be good for spot-and-stalk hunting. Because of the summer monsoon activity, water sources may not be a strong attractant, making deer harder to find.

Region IV
Southwestern deserts can be difficult to hunt. Nevertheless, big bucks are taken annually in this area of relatively low deer density. A little extra effort may be needed to make your hunt successful.

Region V
Compared with long-term averages, rainfall remains less plentiful in this region than in the other regions, and populations have responded less favorably. However, this is the main white-tailed deer region, so patient spot-and-stalk hunters can be successful.

Region VI
Hunt success has been high in Units 22 and 23 during the last two years. The Willow fire area continues to improve and may prove helpful to white-tailed deer hunters. The Cave Creek Complex fire impacted a large area last summer, but few animals will abandon this area. Recently burned areas can be quite a draw to foraging deer, especially following rainfall and green-up.

Pronghorn outlook
Although pronghorn survey results have yet to be fully compiled, preliminary indications suggest that fawn recruitment this year will be below last year’s. The dry winter of 2005–2006 failed to produce adequate early spring green-up that provides important cover and nutrition to young fawns. The summer monsoon has been favorable, and last year had better fawn survival. This should mean there will be more young bucks and a few older, wiser ones in the herds this year.

Pronghorn hunting seasons usually have warm weather, so hunters lucky enough to draw a permit should be prepared to care for meat and capes in less-than-favorable conditions. Pronghorn lose fur easily, especially in warm weather, so packing your harvest out will require care.

Many pronghorn experts insist the key to pronghorn hunt success is pre-season scouting. Pre-season scouting can play an important role in locating and identifying the animal you plan to harvest. Hunts are often over in a very short time. But remember, you may not be the only hunter pursuing that animal. Hunters are often judged by the ethics they display when they don’t know anyone else is watching.

Regardless of which region your permit is in, pronghorn may not show much affinity to water sources this year. Hunt in areas with a diversity of broad-leaved herbaceous plants, as this is their primary food. Watch for green areas.

Spring turkey outlook
By Brian Wakeling, big game supervisor, Arizona Game and Fish Department

Spring turkey hunts this year have the potential to be really good–or, really bad.

Turkey populations do not typically respond to dry winters the way most wildlife populations do. Overwinter survival, and hence spring populations, are highly dependent on winter food availability. Last fall, most areas of the state had good production of mast (acorns, pinyon pine seed and other seeds). This provides the food that turkeys heavily rely on throughout the winter. Couple ample food resources with an already robust turkey population, a good poult crop last spring, and little snow to limit their access to food, and there are likely to be excellent turkey populations in most parts of the state.

A year ago the Arizona Game and Fish Commission authorized a record number of spring permits for 2005, and hunters harvested a record number of gobblers. The number of permits offered in spring 2006 is another record. Many people are reporting encounters with large flocks of birds in areas where there have not been a lot of turkeys in the past.

Now for the bad news. The incredibly dry winter may result in turkeys breeding less predictably and moving to places that they normally don’t inhabit until the snows melt later in the spring. Although abundant, turkeys might not be easy to locate because they may not be calling actively, and they won’t be where they were in recent springs. And, despite the precipitation we received in March, it is possible the Forest Service may need to restrict access to some areas to deal with fire dangers. Check before you head out.

If you have a spring tag, be persistent. Turkeys will still be responsive during the spring season, and they will still come to calls; they may simply be quieter and more elusive than they usually are. If you are having difficulty finding turkeys, try a little higher elevation than what you are used to hunting. Consider varying your techniques by using a variety of calls, and try calling in mid-day as well as in mornings.

The only portion of the state where wildlife managers indicate that turkey populations have been lower recently is north of the Colorado River. For the past several springs, hunt success has been low on the Kaibab. However, hunt success jumped up this fall and the population is in good condition. The birds will be there, the odds just won’t be stacked in your favor.

Hunting outlook: javelina
By Brian Wakeling, big game supervisor, Arizona Game and Fish Department

If you were lucky enough to draw a spring javelina tag, you may be planning the best approach to your hunt as you read this. Javelina hunting is one of those activities that can be difficult if you are unfamiliar with your hunting area and the fates don’t smile on you. Javelina live in a relatively small area that meets their yearlong lifestyle needs, but they can be difficult to spot and change their habits in response to the often unpredictable weather and habitat changes that can occur during the January and February hunting seasons.

This winter has been unusually dry in Arizona’s javelina range. Our javelina herds are fairly stable, with some improved recruitment as a result of last year’s wet winter. Javelina will forage among prickly pear, especially during dry periods when there are few other groceries to be had. When wet weather occurs during hunts (not the case so far this year), hunt success often diminishes because hunters can’t cross flowing washes and javelina spend more time huddled up out of the rain. If we get some wet weather, hillsides will green up, and javelina will take advantage of fresh, new growth to augment their diet. In that event, they may be harder to see.

Spring javelina hunts occur during a beautiful time of year to experience the desert habitats of Arizona. Take the time to enjoy your hunt!

Hunting outlook: predators
By Pat Barber, predator and furbearer biologist, Arizona Game and Fish Department

Many of us who weren’t lucky enough to draw a late deer tag or a coveted sheep tag are wondering what to do with our hunting gear and ourselves in December. In the previous issue of Hunting Highlights, biologist Mark Zornes wrote enthusiastically about abundant small game opportunities. His prediction of a good year for the small game hunter is proving to be accurate, and the abundance of small game (prey species) indicates that it should be a pretty good year for predators—and predator hunters.

Predator hunters generally go after coyote, bobcat and fox (gray and kit). They also hunt mountain lion and bear. Because of the abundant prey statewide this year, most adult predators survived the past summer; we also saw a high rate of survival for this year’s young. Next year, predators should be even more abundant as this year’s pups and kittens reach full adulthood. Predator hunters should find success in most parts of the state this fall and winter, and even better success next year.

The most successful method for hunting predators is calling with predator or varmint calls. These are found in many sporting goods stores, in various catalogs and at online stores. Hunters can choose an inexpensive mouth call or a more expensive electronic call. Electronic calls are relatively easy to use, while mouth calls require practice. To improve your technique or find someone to hunt with, contact one of the state’s wildlife-calling clubs (visit our hunting resources page for a list).

Coyote, bobcat and fox
Season dates for smaller predators are found in Commission Order 13, Predatory & Fur-bearing Mammals. The season for coyotes (and skunks) is year-round. The season for bobcats and foxes (along with raccoon, ringtail, weasel and badger) runs from Aug. 1 to March 31. To hunt on national wildlife refuges, check the regulations for season dates, since they differ from the statewide seasons. Bag and possession limits for these species are unlimited.

The Arizona Game and Fish Department collects jaws from coyotes, bobcats and foxes to determine the age structure of the state’s populations. Hunters can assist by removing the entire lower jaw from harvested animals and dropping them by the department’s Phoenix office or one of the regional offices.

Bear
Bear seasons (Commission Order 9) are open at various times in each unit, and are managed using female harvest quotas in addition to season dates. Successful hunters are required to report their harvest to the department in person or by phone within 48 hours and then submit a pre-molar tooth from the harvested animal. When a unit’s female harvest objective is reached, the hunt will close at sundown on the Wednesday immediately following.

Bears are all about eating during the fall season, as they build up their fat stores prior to winter hibernation. Bears are typically concentrated at lower elevations gorging themselves on prickly pear fruit or at higher elevations gorging themselves on acorns. Figuring out where the food is separates successful hunters from unsuccessful ones.

This year’s favorable precipitation patterns brought plentiful pear fruit and acorns. This means that earlier in the season, when most bear harvests usually occur, bears were not concentrated in small areas but dispersed throughout suitable habitats. On the bad side, fewer hunters than usual were successful at that time of year. On the good side, many female harvest objectives were not met as early as usual. When this article was written, some bear hunts were still open. Before going into the field, call the bear line at (800) 970-BEAR (2327) to see which units have closed. Always check the commission order notes for specifics (good advice no matter what species you’re hunting).

Mountain lion
Mountain lion seasons are set in Commission Order 10. Seasons are currently open statewide all year. The state’s lion population has been relatively stable over time, and lions can be found almost anywhere in the state (the southwest corner of the state has only a sparse lion population). The bag limit is one lion per year, except in units with a multiple bag limit. In these units, a hunter may take one lion per day until the unit’s harvest objective is met. After that, the unit reverts to the statewide limit of one lion per year. Units in the southwest part of the state are combined into one hunt with a harvest objective of one—when one lion is harvested there, all of the units close. Successful lion hunters must report their harvest within 10 days and submit a pre-molar tooth to the department. Check the notes in Commission Order 10 for details.

So, whether your big game hunts are over, or you were never drawn, or you got a cool new gun for Christmas, or you’re tired of being at home, remember that you always have an opportunity to head for the hills (or the flatland if you prefer) and hunt predators. Take a friend with you, too.

Hunting outlook
By Mark Zornes, small game biologist, and Brian Wakeling, big game program supervisor, Arizona Game and Fish Department

Interested in going after some of Arizona’s abundant small game, such as quail or cottontail? Planning a fall deer or elk hunt? Here are our regional forecasts for these species.

Quail
Hunters are expected to be pleased with the 2005-2006 quail season, particularly for Gambel’s quail. Brood size and chick survival generally increased this year in response to favorable precipitation levels and milder summer temperatures. Look to central Arizona, the eastern portions of the Yuma region, and the Kingman region for the best Gambel’s quail hunting. Quail will likely be well dispersed throughout suitable habitats due to increased cover and winter-spring precipitation (see map). Monitor local precipitation levels when planning a trip. Be aware that portions of central Arizona were impacted by large wildfires, particularly north and northeast of Phoenix. Do your homework prior to the season to find birds in unburned areas or along the periphery of some of these large fires.

Region I (Pinetop)
Quail hunting is rarely good in this region, with the exception of the south end of game management Unit 27. Both Gambel’s quail and Mearns’ quail can be found in appropriate habitats. Since much of the region is unsuitable as quail habitat, finding huntable numbers of birds can be a challenge.

Region II (Flagstaff)
Field personnel expect some good Gambel’s quail hunting in the southern portion of Region II in Units 6A, 6B, and 8. For hunters who frequent the Arizona Strip, lower elevation habitats in Units 13A and 13B should produce some decent Gambel’s quail hunting.

Region III (Kingman)
Gambel’s hunting should be good to excellent, particularly in the Hualapai, Peacock, Music, Cerbat, Black and Aquarius Mountain ranges. Bird numbers were up in many of these areas last year, post-season carryover was good, and a very good hatch occurred. Expect some productive trips.

Region IV (Yuma)
Region IV is expecting the best quail hunting in a decade. Gambel’s quail will be particularly good in northern and eastern game management units like Units 20A, 39, 42, 44A, and 44B. Quail post-season carryover was good in many of these areas, and well-above-average winter-spring precipitation produced a good hatch.

Region V (Tucson)
While most of Arizona received above-average precipitation last winter and spring, southeastern Arizona was not so fortunate. Local areas of above-average precipitation occurred, but most areas received average precipitation. Survey data suggests this year will be average in Region V for Gambel’s quail, with pockets of better hunting. Scaled quail hunting is likely to vary from good to poor, depending on location. The Sulphur Springs Valley will yield the best scaled quail hunting. Mearns’ quail populations were impacted by the late monsoon. Expect some young birds in the bag during the early portion of the Mearns’ season. Bird abundance will be spotty, and should correlate well with areas that received adequate precipitation.

Region VI (Mesa)
Central Arizona should offer some good to very good Gambel’s quail hunting this year. Much of the region was impacted this year by large wildfires, so pre-scouting is a must. Pockets of exceptional chick production were noted this year, and quail numbers should be higher than during the past few years. Good Gambel’s quail hunting will be found this year in game management Units 21, 22, 23, and portions of Units 24A and 24B. Be prepared to work those unburned areas and expect to find pockets of very good hunting in many locations.

Cottontail
Expect some of the best cottontail rabbit hunting in more than a decade. Cottontail numbers exploded due to increased precipitation and cover throughout much of the state. This often overlooked, great-tasting game animal provides a welcome addition to the hunter’s bag, whether alone or in combination with dove and quail. If you spend any time in washes, rocky foothills, or areas of dense brush, you will encounter this species regularly this year. Cottontails offer a great opportunity to introduce a youngster to hunting, and provide a challenging hunt for old and young alike. Still-hunting (i.e., “sneaking”) along desert or mountain washes, ridgelines, or in areas of dense brush armed with a .22-caliber rifle, a shotgun, or archery equipment can provide hours of enjoyment, hone your big game hunting skills and yield a great tasting meal.

Region I (Pinetop)
Hunters should encounter good to excellent cottontail hunting in 2005-2006. Forecasts from all game management units rated cottontail hunting at least good, with the exception of Unit 3A, where hunting will likely be fair.

Region II (Flagstaff)
Hunting will be above average. Expect good to excellent hunting throughout, with fair hunting forecasted for Unit 7.

Region III (Kingman)
Much of the region is suitable habitat for cottontails. Abundant numbers have been reported, perhaps yielding the best cottontail hunting in the state this year, so opportunities will be numerous.

Region IV (Yuma)
Good to excellent cottontail hunting will be available this year. Cottontails prefer certain habitat characteristics, and hunters should focus their attention on these for highest success. Any big washes or areas near agriculture or the rivers should hold a lot of cottontails.

Region V (Tucson)
Cottontail hunting will be excellent this year in the lower- to mid-elevations. Get out early and enjoy some of the best hunting of the year. Rabbit hunting before quail season gives an opportunity to scout for other species and hunt without much competition. Combine this species with a quail or dove hunt for added fun. To increase the challenge, try hunting cottontails during the early morning hours along desert washes with a .22-caliber rifle or archery equipment.

Region VI (Mesa)
Central Arizona should offer some good to excellent cottontail hunting this year. Concentrate your efforts around desert washes and in the rocky foothills. As with quail hunting, avoid those severely burned areas when hunting for this species.

Deer
Statewide, deer fawn recruitment increased for both white-tailed deer and mule deer this past year. What that means to hunters is that more yearling bucks (spikes and forkhorns) will be available this year than in the recent past. Do not expect droves of deer, but you should note a moderate improvement in numbers, and possibly in size.

Regions I–IV are known mainly for mule deer, and provide good hunting opportunities for this species. Regions I–III have seen improved recruitment, and populations are slightly increasing. Even with recent improvement, Region IV mule deer tend to be low-density herds, so plan to wear out the seat of your pants while using binoculars rather than your boots if you want to be successful. This can be an important strategy regardless of where you are hunting, but it can be more difficult in forested areas. Mule deer in Regions V–VI are also stable to slightly increasing. Unit 21 deer hunters should not be discouraged by the Cave Creek Complex fires: Fresh green growth can be a powerful attractant for deer.

Regions V–VI have the most popular white-tailed deer units, and glassing is essential for finding these elusive ghosts. Increases in fawn recruitment from last year should translate into more young bucks this year. Look closely: Many “skin heads” turn out to be young bucks on closer scrutiny. Regions I–II have some excellent white-tailed deer hunts that are somewhat lesser known. Areas recovering from recent fires can be productive areas to hunt, especially near steep terrain and canyons that white-tails seem to favor.

Regardless of where you were drawn this year, know the boundaries of your unit. Check your tag to be certain of the area for which you were drawn. Every year a few hunters assume they were drawn for their first choice when they were actually drawn for an alternate unit, but don’t find out otherwise until they get to camp or (worse yet) until a wildlife manager checks their harvested deer. It can be an expensive mistake. And don’t forget to sign your tag.

Elk
Although our fall survey data is preliminary, many areas are reporting high calf numbers. Elk habitat that suffered from fires two to five years ago is producing good herbaceous vegetation as a result of recent rains, and elk herds are responding to last winter’s favorable conditions. In addition to recruitment, favorable forage conditions are also good for antler development. Those with antlerless permits may be in luck. Mountain men in the 1800s were convinced that “fat cow” was far better than “poor bull” for table fare, and younger animals are more tender and generally easier (lighter) to pack out. For those looking for larger antlered bulls, search somewhat off the beaten path. Herds that are expanding their range often include more mature bulls. Some of the largest bulls we have seen were at lower elevations in what many consider to be pronghorn habitat.

Regions I and II (Pinetop, Flagstaff)
Wildfires did not play a large role this year. Older burned areas are going to be attractive to elk. Elk often respond to early accumulations of snowfall by moving to lower elevations, but a single snowfall event will not immediately drive all elk out of an area. Rainfall and snow can cause unfavorable road conditions. Always try to minimize the impact you have on primitive roads.

Region 3 (Kingman)
Elk populations have been productive and wide-ranging. Much of the elk habitats are large landscapes with interspersed pinyon-juniper woodland. These animals can be highly mobile and may seem to vaporize once hunts begin. Being in the field early and late can be important, especially later in the hunt. This strategy can be critical regardless of your unit and region.

Region V (Tucson) and Region VI (Mesa)
Although Region V has elk hunts in Units 28 and 31, these areas are managed for elk at low densities. These can be tough hunts in nontraditional areas. You may need more than your share of good luck to be successful. Region VI elk populations are doing well. Units 22 and 23 continue to be good producers of quality animals.

Virtually any unit in Arizona has the potential to produce a record book bull. To make the most of your opportunity, be certain that your rifle is shooting accurately before you get to the field. Judging distances can be more challenging with elk hunting than with virtually any other hunt. Distances in forested habitat just seem closer than they really are; you expect long distances with pronghorn or deer hunting, but mistakes that change the outcome of a hunt are easy to make when pursuing elk.